Posts tagged Network
Network Marketing Tip: Attracting Streams of Prospects Ready to Sign Up from Painful Multilevel Marketing Rejections
Jan 21st
John slams the table with his heavy hands and shouted at Mark… “Don’t talk to me about network marketing again!! Do you know how many of my friends have joined and finally quit. They are seriously dissapointed. This kind of business does not work! The failure rate is just too high! It is a scam!”
Sounds like a familiar scene?
Well, to tell you the truth, the statistics are high.
Up to 90% of people quit their network marketing business in the first 1 year of business.
Yes! it is high!
However, here is another fact, your friends don’t realise! The statistics are similar for any other business too!
So, why do people get an impression that network marketing has a higher failure rate than other businesses?
Well, here is a network marketing tip, one can easily blame our failures to the MLM business because, first of all the idea of doing the business did not start from us. It was our friend who persuaded us to get involved! So, when one fails in multilevel marketing, we can proudly tell other friends that it does not work since the idea did not arise from us. We can even proudly tell people we tried!
On the other hand, how can you do that if you started your own business? The idea came from the business owner himself. Announcing to the world that it doesn’t work means that his idea is not worthy! Besides that, most people failing in a conventional business do not publicizes it because they have lost a lot of money investing to start the business. It is embarrassing to tell friends that you have lost $200,000 in your business idea that is not worthy!
Often people give network marketing that reputation because they get personal. In network marketing, when a friend does not join you in the business. That rejection is often taken personally. Nevertheless, in a conventional business, one does feel bad when they are rejected because there is not relation to the client.
So, if we remove this element of personal rejection in multilevel marketing, wouldn’t it make this business a beautiful business to build?
Low capital Low risk Lots of guidance and support Good branding support Flexible operation time No fixed assets to maintain No staff salary
When I learnt marketing doing my MBA, an important concept that all marketing gurus teach is to match the product to the right target audience. Here is a network marketing tip that will safe you lots of pain, discover how to find the right target market for your multilevel marketing opportunity or product. Don’t talk about the opportunity to everyone unless you have done your home work to know that they could be open for the opportunity.
One of the most powerful methods of reaching your target marketing is through the internet. There are millions of potential customers going online every second to look for something including business or your product. They are ready customers. If you have a systematic method reaching these people would you be able to make your network marketing business a success?
Discover the secrets of attracting network marketing leads online today!
Soap Network Spoof Bloopers
Jan 20th

it and we hope you laugh along with us! Thank you :] Lakin and Courtney … Soap Network Shampoo Spoof Comedy Buffy the Vampire Slayer Magnum PI PIOPI OPI Sandwich Dr. Rufus Drama 2010 Funny Entertainment Twilight New Moon Eclipse Breaking Dawn Trailer Trailor Edward Robert Pattinson Kristen Stewart Miley Cyrus Jonas Brothers Demi Lovato Selena Gomez Adam Lambert Guitar Bass Drums Crack Obama Rockstar Gavin Degraw Dont Don’t Wanna Want to Be Lakin Lemons Courtney Quincy Big Sky High School …
High-power PoE strengthens Industrial Ethernet as the leading network
Jan 16th
Compact Solution for Reliable Network Management!
Korenix is pleased to release the brand new performance-optimized JetBox 5300-w Industrial embedded computer Linux with -40 to 80? wide operating temperature for front-end industrial control deployments. The RISC-based computer with low power consumption brings flexibility and reliability to the industrial networking market through its rich interface, featuring 2 LAN ports, 2 USB ports, 2 RS232/422/485 and 2 RS232 serial ports. In addition, the compact JetBox 5300-w carries 4 DI & 4 DO channels allowing users to integrate alarms, indicators, and sensors into their complex networking system.
Main features of JetBox 5300-w are:
RISC CPU low power consumption
-40~80? operating temp, fan-less design
Linux programming
Linux customized configuration auto-run via SD card
4-port serial: TCP server mode
Digital I/O controller: 4 DI & 4 DO, DIO scheduling
SNMP control
Modbus gateway (optional)
The JetBox 5300-w supports the Korenix Auto-Run customization setting on SD card, POE Switch which allows users to configure their own Linux commands once the system is booted. By storing the customized data onto the SD card, software engineers can automatically run specific configurations or run specific applications in the JetBox 5300-w embedded computer making the industrial network management easier and more flexible.
Besides, users can benefit from the optional Modbus Gateway function for Modbus applications by enabling serial Modbus RTU devices to communicate with Modbus TCP devices.
In addition to its advanced software features, the fan-less JetBox 5300-w with redundant dual power inputs and -40 to 80? wide operating temperature range provides reliable and secure data management in harsh environmental conditions, becoming the perfect solution for open-pit mines, railcars, railways, public utilities etc
Korenix USA, based in Industry, California, services all of North, South & Central America by providing hardened, cost-effective, and Industrial Ethernet Switch for the and Rugged applications. With the award winning JetPoE Industrial Managed PoE Switch and JetBox Industrial Embedded Computer, these flagship products lead the way in industrial automation, power utility, telecommunications, and outdoor markets such as, traffic control and video surveillance. Korenix USA supplies the extra edge for Industrial Networking!
Smooth Jazz Network to Feature Stevie Wonder Tribute Compilation Single
Jan 15th
Smoothjazznetwork.com has invited Boosweet Records guitarist and label CEO Vernon Neilly to debut his 1st Smooth Jazz single titled “I Was Made To Love You” featuring U-Nam from his latest project, which is a Stevie Wonder tribute compilation entitled: “Vernon Neilly & Friends: A Tribute to Stevie Wonder”. The CD is set for worldwide release on July 15th, 2008. Fortunately for smooth jazz and Stevie Wonder fans alike,there will be an opportunity to preview and cast their vote on this grooving single early at http://www.smoothjazztop20.com beginning July 12th. This single will also be the feature track at MyJazzNetwork.com starting July 14th and several tracks from the CD premiered at SmoothJazz.com on July 15th.
Vernon is an internationally known, award winning touring artist/producer with over 30 years of industry experience, and his resume boasts performance and producing credits with the likes of well know music icons like Teena Marie, Johnny “Guitar” Watson, Mary Wells, rap star “Warren G.”, Howard Hewitt, “The Dramatics” and Motown hit producer Norman Whitfield just to name just a few. However, with so much good music out right now in the genre, listeners are in for a real treat as Vernon invited some of his friends from 3 continents (Europe, South America, USA) who just happen to be some of the best in the business at what they do to compliment him on this Stevie Wonder Tribute.
Guest Performers include: Parisian Smooth Jazz Guitarist U-NAM (#1 Commercial Jazz single of 2007, “Street Life”) and mainstay Saxophonist Michael Paulo (Al Jarreau, Earth Wind & Fire, Peter White), also Grammy Award winning and internationally known touring Bassist Juan Nelson (Ben Harper & The Innocent Criminals), and internationally acclaimed guitar virtuoso Greg Howe (Michael Jackson, Justin Timberlake, Enrique Iglesias), so you better know that these awesome musicians brought plenty of fire to the CD project with outstanding performances.
Smooth jazz listeners who have been captivated by Stevie Wonder’s musical genius through the years will have every opportunity to fall in love all over again, as this CD provides a glimpse of Stevie Wonder like you’ve never heard him before! With captivating arrangements of timeless classics of Stevie Wonder’s best hits you will be treated to original re-makes of songs such as, “I Wish”, “Superstition”, “Isn’t She Lovely”, “Don’t You Worry ‘Bout a Thing”, “Sir Duke”, to name a few. Sample tracks are available now at http://www.vernonneilly.com and http://www.myspace.com/vernonneillyband
In addition, Boosweet Records ( http://www.boosweet.com ) and Vernon Neilly are showing some fan appreciation with a pre-release offer where every CD is being sold at promotional price of only $5.99 for a limited time. Any CD purchase made at www.boosweet.com automatically enters the purchaser into the FREE GUITAR drawing to win guitar from Vernon Neilly’s personal collection which in addition will be autographed by the artist on the CD. This contest is being sponsored by Vernon Neilly, Boosweet Records and Guitar Global, Inc. ( http://www.guitarglobal.com ) and guitarist Vernon Neilly.
Why Wimpy Network Marketers Have Skinny Kids
Jan 7th
There is a really common trend among network marketers these days. You see, and when you get more into internet network marketing, you’ll see more of this. People, especially Network Marketers are just deathly afraid of asking for a sale. It’s just kinda weird ya know? People want to make money, but yet, they still melt like jellyfish when it comes time to just simply ask. You might have heard the “old school” mantra of ‘its not selling, its telling”. What a bunch of baloney!!! Your MLM opportunity is a business, right? How do businesses make their money? They make sales. The more sales they make, the more money they make. However, way too many Network Marketers are too squeemish about just asking for the sale. They will go on and on about how great their product is (which is the absolute wrong approach BTW), but when it comes down to it, they never ask the simple question, “Are you interested in this? Would you like to go ahead and buy it?” Sounds simple huh? It is! If they say no, who cares right? As a network marketer, your job, and the money you earn from it depends on making real sales. Just move on. Here is a little thing though, if you keep wussing out, your never going to make any sales, product, business, online or offline. Lets just face it. This is very different than just asking anyone and everyone to join your business or buy your product. When it comes into play is when you’ve gotten someone actually somewhat interested in what you have to offer. It’s like popping the “big question”. So, yes, those wimpy network marketers that don’t ask for the sale and don’t get them, and then they have skinny kids. The next time you get close, just go ahead and ask for the sale. It doesn’t have to be fancy, slick (its better if its not) you’ve just gotta do it. If you’d like to know more about how network marketers get sales, read below and click on the link for more information.
There is a really common trend among network marketers these days. You see, and when you get more into internet network marketing, you’ll see more of this.
People, especially Network Marketers are just deathly afraid of asking for a sale. It’s just kinda weird ya know? People want to make money, but yet, they still melt like jellyfish when it comes time to just simply ask.
You might have heard the “old school” mantra of ‘its not selling, its telling”.
What a bunch of baloney!!!
Your MLM opportunity is a business, right? How do businesses make their money? They make sales. The more sales they make, the more money they make.
However, way too many Network Marketers are too squeemish about just asking for the sale. They will go on and on about how great their product is (which is the absolute wrong approach BTW), but when it comes down to it, they never ask the simple question, “Are you interested in this? Would you like to go ahead and buy it?”
Sounds simple huh? It is! If they say no, who cares right? As a network marketer, your job, and the money you earn from it depends on making real sales.
Just move on.
Here is a little thing though, if you keep wussing out, your never going to make any sales, product, business, online or offline. Lets just face it.
This is very different than just asking anyone and everyone to join your business or buy your product. When it comes into play is when you’ve gotten someone actually somewhat interested in what you have to offer.
It’s like popping the “big question”. So, yes, those wimpy network marketers that don’t ask for the sale and don’t get them, and then they have skinny kids.
The next time you get close, just go ahead and ask for the sale. It doesn’t have to be fancy, slick (its better if its not) you’ve just gotta do it.
If you’d like to know more about how network marketers get sales, read below and click on the link for more information.
Be Your Own Network
Jan 7th
It was the mid 1990’s and, being a fresh college graduate, I was talking shop with friends in the middle of the night in a half empty bar. The stranger beside us let us know that he was an executive from CBS even though no one had asked. Apparently our chat was the stuff of public scrutiny, but the stranger’s input was not unwelcome. Besides, he looked around thirty-five. Maybe he knew something.
The guy was engaging. He enjoyed talking more than listening, but when he did listen he nodded in sympathy with our concerns and judiciously fielded questions. He took pains to ensure we knew in which direction the television business was headed. I forget his name, but I’ll never forget his words: “You will be your own network.”
I don’t know if it was his dramatic, vodka-soaked delivery or my own indulgence that left me susceptible to profundity, but his authoritative declaration filled the moment. I didn’t know anything about the Internet back then. I was vaguely aware of a looming computer age, if only through the covers of magazines.
I thought about what consumer freedom, networks, and technology meant to me. I imagined super televisions with built-in cable, video games and massive computer chips. (Don’t forget, in those days I was more beer savvy than anything else.) My primitive conception of convergence had been stirred.
Those were heady days of convergence. For the non-participatory it was more a matter of being on the outside and not looking for anything, as opposed to being on the outside and looking in. Changes were afoot, but, really, who knew? In a few short years telephone companies would be in the television business, Internet providers would become media machines, as software companies and search engines would vie for supremacy.
Deals were made and business was done at a dizzying rate. Computer companies whose names and products we had not even heard of, let alone used, were being swallowed up at a brisk pace. Such was the lot of technology. Yet other business sectors were not following suit in this hectic development.
That’s because convergence is a natural phenomenon where unrelated companies can become bedfellows (or competitors) overnight with the introduction of new digital applications or capabilities. Convergence hasn’t been a forced march, but a technological confluence that’s accelerated the process of bringing technology to the consumer that revolutionizes our lives.
I see it in online advertising – in search. ICMediaDirect.com, an online advertising agency, owes everything to the infrastructure upon which its network is built. What the heck did connectivity mean in the 1990’s? What ads would we run? Would we be making phone calls to various sales departments and living rooms – who would answer anyway? A generation of entrepreneurs were keeping themselves busy doing something else then. Perhaps they were cutting lawns or selling insurance, I don’t know.
That old bar was not the only hotbed of convergence when that boozy prophet spoke to me:
• The mid 1990’s brought us the personal computer. They became practical and affordable. Today they are in 75% of American households.
• During this same period big companies, like AOL and Microsoft, built connectivity infrastructure on a large scale as many other smaller ISPs emerged to provide affordable online connection for the masses.
• Local area networks technology (LAN) became universalized. This was an important step for corporations to be able to connect to wider area networks. This was considered the Internet’s “building blocks”.
• Advances in hardware and software platforms let companies and developers build practical server software and applications on an affordable scale. Until then, what constituted web servers were pricey and dicey affairs.
• Digital media creation tools. By the mid-1990s software introduced wild improvements in graphics, text, and audio. Digital media advancements stoked enough appeal to fire the engines of infrastructural improvements.
Again, individually, these were fine tech developments. But together they unwittingly built an amazing platform from which we’re communicating right now. And the process of convergence hasn’t ended, it’s just tough to recognize until results are a little more tangible.
Allow me to present with another comparison. Maybe we’re witnessing something big during these Winter Olympics. Standard ratings might be down, but don’t be fooled, there’s more to the story. With more than a week of coverage left the NBC’s Olympic website had already drawn 167 million viewers to their site, that’s some 20 million more than all of the 2002 Salt Lake visitors. And 2006’s website is a vastly improved one.
Internet and television: are they two competing media or a one-two combination? NBC answers this question by effectively harnessing the compatibilities of both. Digital capability is being used to support on-air offerings, not to steal viewers. If anything, they complement each other.
To NBC there isn’t too much difference. They’ve already streamed 4.2 million videos online. That’s 4.2 million uniquely viewed ads on top of that 167 million viewers to their website, not too shabby. NBC is employing convergence utility today and winning on both fronts. Their digital offerings allow added information, more video than ever, and information on when they can see events on the television.
I’m still on board the “You will be your own network” concept. It’s a sturdy vantage from which to view the seamless progression in media. It means simply that the end user has more choice due to the generous nature of technology.
Permit me to pick up where my television executive pal left off about a decade ago and play the role of convergence prophet. We have all the insight we need to see the future. We’ve got to appreciate what works today and anticipate the merging paths of media. I think Search TV is on its way.
Imagine television online. Come on, I know it’s hard, but try. Think of all that content: movies, sitcoms, sports, news clips, blooper specials – all of it. I envision this exhaustive load being digitized and stored on giant video-on-demand servers. So far, not much of a prediction…I know. Not until search enters the equation.
We are going to be able to run searches through our television sets in much the same way we now do through Google or Yahoo. We’ll get results quickly and with them we’ll get relevant ads stemming from search criteria. They will be presented neatly on screen in boxes.
Advertising revenue will eliminate today’s pay-per-view format and viewers will get exactly what they are looking for or at least something that interests them. Eventually, Bruce Springsteen will have to stop playing “57 Channels (And Nothin’ On)” live since Search TV will be commonplace before his retirement. But Bruce won’t be too upset since he’ll be his own network, too.
Network Routing Protocols – IGRP, EIGRP, OSPF, ISIS, BGP
Jan 2nd
Overview
The purpose of routing protocols is to learn of available routes that exist on the enterprise network, build routing tables and make routing decisions. Some of the most common routing protocols include RIP, IGRP, EIGRP, OSPF, IS-IS and BGP. There are two primary routing protocol types although many different routing protocols defined with those two types. Link state and distance vector protocols comprise the primary types. Distance vector protocols advertise their routing table to all directly connected neighbors at regular frequent intervals using a lot of bandwidth and are slow to converge. When a route becomes unavailable, all router tables must be updated with that new information. The problem is with each router having to advertise that new information to its neighbors, it takes a long time for all routers to have a current accurate view of the network. Distance vector protocols use fixed length subnet masks which aren’t scalable. Link state protocols advertise routing updates only when they occur which uses bandwidth more effectively. Routers don’t advertise the routing table which makes convergence faster. The routing protocol will flood the network with link state advertisements to all neighbor routers per area in an attempt to converge the network with new route information. The incremental change is all that is advertised to all routers as a multicast LSA update. They use variable length subnet masks, which are scalable and use addressing more efficiently.
Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (IGRP)
Interior Gateway Routing Protocol is a distance vector routing protocol developed by Cisco systems for routing multiple protocols across small and medium sized Cisco networks. It is proprietary which requires that you use Cisco routers. This contrasts with IP RIP and IPX RIP, which are designed for multi-vendor networks. IGRP will route IP, IPX, Decnet and AppleTalk which makes it very versatile for clients running many different protocols. It is somewhat more scalable than RIP since it supports a hop count of 100, only advertises every 90 seconds and uses a composite of five different metrics to select a best path destination. Note that since IGRP advertises less frequently, it uses less bandwidth than RIP but converges much slower since it is 90 seconds before IGRP routers are aware of network topology changes. IGRP does recognize assignment of different autonomous systems and automatically summarizes at network class boundaries. As well there is the option to load balance traffic across equal or unequal metric cost paths.
Characteristics
· Distance Vector
· Routes IP, IPX, Decnet, Appletalk
· Routing Table Advertisements Every 90 Seconds
· Metric: Bandwidth, Delay, Reliability, Load, MTU Size
· Hop Count: 100
· Fixed Length Subnet Masks
· Summarization on Network Class Address
· Load Balancing Across 6 Equal or Unequal Cost Paths ( IOS 11.0 )
· Metric Calculation = destination path minimum BW * Delay (usec)
· Split Horizon
· Timers: Invalid Timer (270 sec), Flush Timer (630 sec), Holddown Timer (280 sec)
Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP)
Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol is a hybrid routing protocol developed by Cisco systems for routing many protocols across an enterprise Cisco network. It has characteristics of both distance vector routing protocols and link state routing protocols. It is proprietary which requires that you use Cisco routers. EIGRP will route the same protocols that IGRP routes (IP, IPX, Decnet and Appletalk) and use the same composite metrics as IGRP to select a best path destination. As well there is the option to load balance traffic across equal or unequal metric cost paths. Summarization is automatic at a network class address however it can be configured to summarize at subnet boundaries as well. Redistribution between IGRP and EIGRP is automatic as well. There is support for a hop count of 255 and variable length subnet masks.
Convergence
Convergence with EIGRP is faster since it uses an algorithm called dual update algorithm or DUAL, which is run when a router detects that a particular route is unavailable. The router queries its neighbors looking for a feasible successor. That is defined as a neighbor with a least cost route to a particular destination that doesn’t cause any routing loops. EIGRP will update its routing table with the new route and the associated metric. Route changes are advertised only to affected routers when changes occur. That utilizes bandwidth more efficiently than distance vector routing protocols.
Autonomous Systems
EIGRP does recognize assignment of different autonomous systems which are processes running under the same administrative routing domain. Assigning different autonomous system numbers isn’t for defining a backbone such as with OSPF. With IGRP and EIGRP it is used to change route redistribution, filtering and summarization points.
Characteristics
· Advanced Distance Vector
· Routes IP, IPX, Decnet, Appletalk
· Routing Advertisements: Partial When Route Changes Occur
· Metrics: Bandwidth, Delay, Reliability, Load, MTU Size
· Hop Count: 255
· Variable Length Subnet Masks
· Summarization on Network Class Address or Subnet Boundary
· Load Balancing Across 6 Equal or Unequal Cost Paths (IOS 11.0)
· Timers: Active Time (180 sec)
· Metric Calculation = destination path minimum BW * Delay (msec) * 256
· Split Horizon
· LSA Multicast Address: 224.0.0.10
Open Shortest Path First (OSPF)
Open Shortest Path First is a true link state protocol developed as an open standard for routing IP across large multi-vendor networks. A link state protocol will send link state advertisements to all connected neighbors of the same area to communicate route information. Each OSPF enabled router, when started, will send hello packets to all directly connected OSPF routers. The hello packets contain information such as router timers, router ID and subnet mask. If the routers agree on the information they become OSPF neighbors. Once routers become neighbors they establish adjacencies by exchanging link state databases. Routers on point-to-point and point-to-multipoint links (as specified with the OSPF interface type setting) automatically establish adjacencies. Routers with OSPF interfaces configured as broadcast (Ethernet) and NBMA (Frame Relay) will use a designated router that establishes those adjacencies.
Areas
OSPF uses a hierarchy with assigned areas that connect to a core backbone of routers. Each area is defined by one or more routers that have established adjacencies. OSPF has defined backbone area 0, stub areas, not-so-stubby areas and totally stubby areas. Area 0 is built with a group of routers connected at a designated office or by WAN links across several offices. It is preferable to have all area 0 routers connected with a full mesh using an Ethernet segment at a core office. This provides for high performance and prevents partitioning of the area should a router connection fail. Area 0 is a transit area for all traffic from attached areas. Any inter-area traffic must route through area 0 first. Stub areas use a default route to forward traffic destined for an external network such as EIGRP since the area border router doesn’t send or receive any external routes. Inter-area and intra-area routing is as usual. Totally stubby areas are a Cisco specification that uses a default route for inter-area and external destinations. The ABR doesn’t send or receive external or inter-area LSA’s. The not-so-stubby area ABR will advertise external routes with type 7 LSA. External routes aren’t received at that area type. Inter-area and intra-area routing is as usual. OSPF defines internal routers, backbone routers, area border routers (ABR) and autonomous system boundary routers (ASBR). Internal routers are specific to one area. Area border routers have interfaces that are assigned to more than one area such as area 0 and area 10. An autonomous system boundary router has interfaces assigned to OSPF and a different routing protocol such as EIGRP or BGP. A virtual link is utilized when an area doesn’t have a direct connection to area 0. A virtual link is established between an area border router for an area that isn’t connected to area 0, and an area border router for an area that is connected to area 0. Area design involves considering geographical location of offices and traffic flows across the enterprise. It is important to be able to summarize addresses for many offices per area and minimize broadcast traffic.
Convergence
Fast convergence is accomplished with the SPF (Dijkstra) algorithm which determines a shortest path from source to destination. The routing table is built from running SPF which determines all routes from neighbor routers. Since each OSPF router has a copy of the topology database and routing table for its particular area, any route changes are detected faster than with distance vector protocols and alternate routes are determined.
Designated Router
Broadcast networks such as Ethernet and Non-Broadcast Multi Access networks such as Frame Relay have a designated router (DR) and a backup designated router (BDR) that are elected. Designated routers establish adjacencies with all routers on that network segment. This is to reduce broadcasts from all routers sending regular hello packets to its neighbors. The DR sends multicast packets to all routers that it has established adjacencies with. If the DR fails, it is the BDR that sends multicasts to specific routers. Each router is assigned a router ID, which is the highest assigned IP address on a working interface. OSPF uses the router ID (RID) for all routing processes.
Characteristics
· Link State
· Routes IP
· Routing Advertisements: Partial When Route Changes Occur
· Metric: Composite Cost of each router to Destination (100,000,000/interface speed)
· Hop Count: None (Limited by Network)
· Variable Length Subnet Masks
· Summarization on Network Class Address or Subnet Boundary
· Load Balancing Across 4 Equal Cost Paths
· Router Types: Internal, Backbone, ABR, ASBR
· Area Types: Backbone, Stubby, Not-So-Stubby, Totally Stubby
· LSA Types: Intra-area (1,2) Inter-area (3,4), External (5,7)
· Timers: Hello Interval and Dead Interval (different for network types)
· LSA Multicast Address: 224.0.0.5 and 224.0.0.6 (DR/BDR) Don’t Filter !
· Interface Types: Point to Point, Broadcast, Non-Broadcast, Point to Multipoint, Loopback
Integrated IS-IS
Integrated Intermediate System – Intermediate System routing protocol is a link state protocol similar to OSPF that is used with large enterprise and ISP customers. An intermediate system is a router and IS-IS is the routing protocol that routes packets between intermediate systems. IS-IS utilizes a link state database and runs the SPF Dijkstra algorithm to select shortest paths routes. Neighbor routers on point to point and point to multipoint links establish adjacencies by sending hello packets and exchanging link state databases. IS-IS routers on broadcast and NBMA networks select a designated router that establishes adjacencies with all neighbor routers on that network. The designated router and each neighbor router will establish an adjacency with all neighbor routers by multicasting link state advertisements to the network itself. That is different from OSPF, which establishes adjacencies between the DR and each neighbor router only. IS-IS uses a hierarchical area structure with level 1 and level 2 router types. Level 1 routers are similar to OSPF intra-area routers, which have no direct connections outside of its area. Level 2 routers comprise the backbone area which connects different areas similar to OSPF area 0. With IS-IS a router can be an L1/L2 router which is like an OSPF area border router (ABR) which has connections with its area and the backbone area. The difference with IS-IS is that the links between routers comprise the area borders and not the router. Each IS-IS router must have an assigned address that is unique for that routing domain. An address format is used which is comprised of an area ID and a system ID. The area ID is the assigned area number and the system ID is a MAC address from one of the router interfaces. There is support for variable length subnet masks, which is standard with all link state protocols. Note that IS-IS assigns the routing process to an interface instead of a network.
Characteristics
· Link State
· Routes IP, CLNS
· Routing Advertisements: Partial When Routing Changes Occur
· Metric: Variable Cost (default cost 10 assigned to each interface)
· Hop Count: None (limited by network)
· Variable Length Subnet Masks
· Summarization on Network Class Address or Subnet Boundary
· Load Balancing Across 6 Equal Cost Paths
· Timers: Hello Interval, Hello Multiplier
· Area Types: Hierarchical Topology similar to OSPF
· Router Types: Level 1 and Level 2
· LSP Types: Internal L1 and L2, External L2
· Designated Router Election , No BDR
Border Gateway Protocol (BGP)
Border Gateway Protocol is an exterior gateway protocol, which is different from the interior gateway protocols discussed so far. The distinction is important since the term autonomous system is used somewhat differently with protocols such as EIGRP than it is with BGP. Exterior gateway protocols such as BGP route between autonomous systems, which are assigned a particular AS number. AS numbers can be assigned to an office with one or several BGP routers. The BGP routing table is comprised of destination IP addresses, an associated AS-Path to reach that destination and a next hop router address. The AS-Path is a collection of AS numbers that represent each office involved with routing packets. Contrast that with EIGRP, which uses autonomous systems as well. The difference is their autonomous systems refer to a logical grouping of routers within the same administrative system. An EIGRP network can configure many autonomous systems. They are all managed by the company for defining route summarization, redistribution and filtering. BGP is utilized a lot by Internet Service Providers (ISP) and large enterprise companies that have dual homed internet connections with single or dual routers homed to the same or different Internet Service Providers. BGP will route packets across an ISP network, which is a separate routing domain that is managed by them. The ISP has its own assigned AS number, which is assigned by InterNIC. New customers can either request an AS assignment for their office from the ISP or InterNIC. A unique AS number assignment is required for customers when they connect using BGP. There are 10 defined attributes that have a particular order or sequence, which BGP utilizes as metrics to determine the best path to a destination. Companies with only one circuit connection to an ISP will implement a default route at their router, which forwards any packets that are destined for an external network. BGP routers will redistribute routing information (peering) with all IGP routers on the network (EIGRP, RIP, OSPF etc) which involve exchange of full routing tables. Once that is finished, incremental updates are sent with topology changes. Each BGP router can be configured to filter routing broadcasts with route maps instead of sending/receiving the entire internet routing table.
BGP Routing Table Components
· Destination IP Address / Subnet Mask
· AS-Path
· Next Hop IP Address
Network Planning and Design Guide is available at Amazon.com and eBookmall.com
Shaun Hummel is an author of various technical books and has a web site focused on information technology job search solutions and certifications.
IJango – how to network market Google
Dec 12th
Friday night saw the debut from another exoteric declaration from Jay-Z: “You rappers singing a bit much/ return to rap, you T-Pain-ing too much/ I’m a multi-millionaire/ So how am I the most backbreaking n—a here?”
Upon New York’s Hot 97 radio post, Jay premiered afresh song from his approaching Blueprint 3 LP called, “D.O.A.,” or “The Death of Auto-Tune.”
“This is anti-Auto-Tune, demise of the Ringtone,” Hov starts rapping over a track co-produced through Kanye West and No I.D. Hard beats and horns glare as Jay arouses figures of a black John Dillinger holding a fuming Tommy Gun, making a chump ignorant enough to stand in his way. Jay is back to shoot down biting MCs.
“This ain’t for iTunes, this ain’t for singalongs,” he raps afterward in the song. “This is Frank Sinatra at the opera, get a blonde … My raps don’t bear melodies/ It should make jackers commit felonies/ This ain’t a #1 record, this is practically assault with a deadly weapon.”
Last month, Kanye West told MTV News about Jay-Z’s stance against Auto-Tune, the vocal effect used extensively by T-Pain and by West himself on his latest album, 808s and Heartbreak.
“We actually removed all the songs with Auto-Tune off of his album,” West said, “to make the point that this is an anti-Auto-Tune album, even though I released an album that has all Auto-Tune!”
Later on Friday night, Jay called into Funkmaster Flex and Mister Cee at Hot 97’s studios to explain that he’s taking aim at artists who use Auto-Tune as a crutch. He also compared the vocal enhancement usage by rappers to wearing throwback sports jerseys back in the day: Everybody started to wear them and they got played out.
“I think I said something important,” he said, adding that he spoke out “only on the aspect of moving [the conversation] forward,” and elaborated about who he was not going at.
“The guys who did it, did it great,” he explained. “T-Pain, he does great melodies. If you listen to Kanye, great melodies. If you listen to [West's] ‘Say You Will’ or ‘Heartless,’ great melodies. [Lil Wayne and T-Pain's] ‘Lollipop’ was a fantastic melody. Everybody can’t do it. Let them guys do it. They got their little niche, let’s move on. That’s just my opinion. I don’t know if everybody feels the same way.”
The Brooklyn MC said his intention with the record was to “draw [a] line in the sand.”
The Jiggaman confirmed that his long-awaited Blueprint 3 is coming out via a new partnership with Atlantic Records; the album is expected to be released on September 11. They will handle the distribution for the album, which is housed on Hova’s Roc Nation.
“I got the foundation and I’m ready to blast off,” he said.
“I bought my album back — I overpaid for it,” he added about recently ending his long stint with Def Jam Records. “I believe at this point in my career, I wanted to be totally independent and free in what I wanted to do. Def Jam and Universal, they did a beautiful thing in letting me pay. They overcharged me a little bit, but I appreciate all the years they put into my career … I could never have a [traditional] record deal. I’m working with Atlantic, they gonna distribute the album and they’re doing a fantastic job. I get a chance to connect with the people I started my career with. It’s almost like poetic justice.”
Expect more from Jay soon. DJ Skee took to Twitter to say that the first official single from Blueprint 3 will be “On That,” featuring Drake. Jay wasn’t asked and didn’t speak on that song, but he did talk a little bit about the album’s feel.
“The vibe I’m on is, stripping it down and bringing it back classic,” Jay said. “I hear people, I gotta get back in my square and really let people know what time it is really quick.”
Even as the third incarnation of Black Sabbath – now doing business as Heaven & Hell – prepares to tour to promote its new album, “The Devil You Know,” a battle is raging over who should own the Sabbath name.
Frontman Ozzy Osbourne, who left the band in 1979 and returned in 1997 for periodic touring and a live album, is suing guitarist Tony Iommi, accusing him of falsely assuming ownership of the Sabbath name in a filing with the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. The suit contends that Osbourne’s “signature vocals” were responsible for the band’s “extraordinary success,” noting its decline in popularity after he left the first time. Osbourne is demanding a 50 percent share of the name for himself as well as a split of monies earned while he was not in the band.
Iommi has not yet responded to the suit, but prior to that he acknowledged to Billboard.com that a desire to avoid “legal issues” was behind adopting the name Heaven & Hell for the currently active lineup that includes himself, original bassist Terry “Geezer” Butler, singer Ronnie James Dio (who replaced Osbourne in 1979) and drummer Vinnie Appice. And whole he acknowledged that having another name for a band that had recorded as Black Sabbath “does get confusing,” he maintained that it portrays the current group’s repertoire more accurately.
“I think if we went under the Black Sabbath label it would cause problems along the line,” Iommi said. “People would expect us to be playing ‘Iron Man’ and ‘Paranoid’ and other stuff from (the Osbourne era), and that wasn’t the idea with this lineup. The idea was to play all the stuff we’ve done with Ronnie, and that’s why we’re using the different name.”
Heaven & Hell, which reunited in 2007, is currently on tour in Europe and begins a 15-show North American swing on Aug. 7 in Vancouver.
Osbourne has also reached out to Iommi in a public statement released by his publicist, which reads:
“Since 1997 when Geezer, Bill (Ward, the group’s original drummer) and myself rejoined the band, Black Sabbath has returned to its former glory as we headlined sold-out arenas and amphitheatres playing to upwards of 50,000 people at each show around the world. We worked collectively to restore credibility and bring dignity back to the name ‘Black Sabbath,’ which lead to the band being inducted into the UK and US Rock & Roll Hall of Fames in 2005 and 2006, respectively…Tony, I am so sorry it’s had to get to this point by me having to take this action against you. I don’t have the right to speak for Geezer and Bill, but I feel that morally and ethically the trademark should be owned by the four of us equally. I hope that by me taking this first step that it will ultimately end up that way. We’ve all worked too hard and long in our careers to allow you to sell merchandise that features all our faces, old Black Sabbath album covers and band logos, and then you tell us that you own the copyright. We’re all in our 60s now. The Black Sabbath legacy should live on long after we have all gone. Please do the right thing.”
ijango:
Who says clothes don’t make the girl?
Miley Cyrus has just landed a deal with Wal-Mart to produce a clothing line with designer Max Azria of Hervé Léger, BCBG and Max Azria fame. And thanks to the the megastore, tweens can sport their Mileyware at her fall tour.
Hot on the heels of Taylor Swift’s Wal-Mart line of l.e.i. sundresses and the Jonas Brothers’ sweatervests, the “Miley Cyrus & Max Azria” label will include tops, pants, graphic tees, shoes and accessories all priced allowance-friendly and under $20. The goods will hit shelves, as well as Walmart.com, just in time for back-to-school shopping in early August—and her tour kickoff a few weeks later.
Wal-Mart is sponsoring the Miley Cyrus Live in Concert tour, launching Sept. 14 in Portland, Ore., and winding up 45 stops later in Miami.
As for those duds…
“We’re really excited,” BCBG Max Azria Group rep Patrick McGregor tells E! News.
“I love creating looks that are all about personal expression and individuality,” the recently reupped Hannah Montana said in a statement. “Collaborating with Max Azria has been an amazing experience, and I’m really excited about launching this line with Wal-Mart. There’s even more to come!”
In case the idea of Cyrus coming together with the designer sounds familiar, the pair shared a segment during the Nickelodeon Kids’ Choice Awards this year that had the starlet and Duane “The Rock” Johnson donning the same red frock. Miley also wore Hervé Léger to the Grammys in February and the London premiere of her movie last month. (Get a better sense of the Disney diva’s style in our Fashion Spotlight: Miley Cyrus gallery.)
“Miley Cyrus is talented and approachable, so working with her sparked a line that is authentic and vibrant,” the demure fashionisto said in a statement.
Susan Boyle, who became a global star after appearing on a British television talent contest, has left the London clinic where she was being treated for exhaustion, her brother said on Friday. The 48-year-old amateur singer from Scotland, whose performance on “Britain’s Got Talent” in April was downloaded nearly 200 million times on the Internet, was admitted to the Priory clinic on Sunday amid concerns for her mental health.
“She’s much happier,” her brother Gerry told GMTV.
“She seems a lot more like herself. I think things are becoming clearer now and she’s much more content. I believe she’s in the middle of London, in a flat in London.”
Dowdy and unglamorous, the unemployed church volunteer challenged viewers’ notion of what a star should be.
Boyle was thrust into the media limelight with camera crews camping outside her home and Larry King and Oprah Winfrey inviting her to appear on their U.S. chat shows.
But as Saturday’s final of the popular talent show approached, Boyle, who was starved of oxygen at birth leading to minor brain damage, began to show signs of strain, bursting into tears regularly and threatening to leave the show.
When she failed to win the final, despite overwhelming odds in her favor, she was admitted to the private clinic suffering from emotional exhaustion.
Boyle’s financial future is seen as secure despite coming second to dance troupe Diversity, as Britain’s Got Talent creator Simon Cowell and his Syco music label are expected to sign her up for an album.
There has also been talk of a Hollywood movie.
“The way forward now is to talk about where her career goes from here,” Boyle’s brother said.
“She’s absorbing the fact that America has a huge appetite for her and she’s now beginning to believe that yes, indeed, I will be a singer and there will be a recording career beyond it. It’s all she ever wanted to do.”
He backed Cowell to manage Boyle’s recording career.
“Simon Cowell — he’s been around the dance floor a few times hasn’t he? I’m sure that he knows that he’s got someone who has broken down the barriers in America before she even gets there and I’m sure Simon will do a good job for her.”
Boyle’s brother also confirmed reports that Boyle was expecting to perform in front of U.S. President Barack Obama.
Ijango Signup:
For nine weeks now, I’ve been meaning to write this column, but I kept getting distracted by stuff like the Keyboard Cat and Pretty Ricky’s latest round of furniture-humping histrionics. And that’s somewhat fitting, given that this column is about Cobra Starship, a band that has turned messing around on the Internet into an absolute art form.
And I’m not saying that to be dismissive of their success or because hyperkinetic party machine/ frontman Gabe Saporta sort of dresses like a blog, but rather, because, well … it’s true. Cobra Starship are a musical meme, the band equivalent of every groin shot, epic fail and outrageous bit of bodily harm you’ve ever watched YouTube or e-mailed to a million co-workers. Theirs is a brilliance reserved for the zeitgeist-grabbing Tay Zondays or Chris Crockers of the world. It’s stupid smart. Genius dumb. And this is something to be proud of.
Witness CobraCam.tv, an episodic site they launched nine weeks ago to promote their upcoming Hot Mess album (due August 11). This is a very clinical description of it, however, as it is “promotional” only inasmuch as it features the members of Cobra Starship. More correctly, it’s a sort of sketch-comedy showcase/ pop-culture blender/ “WTF is going on?” bonanza. It’s the kind of thing a million bands (and a billion kids on YouTube) try to do but always fail miserably at, because they are simply not funny — or stupid or clever or dedicated — enough to pull it off. Cobra Starship are all those things, and then some.
Over the course of nine sublimely silly installments, they’ve spilled gallons of blood, poked fun at Lil Wayne’s prodigious face tattoos, grown fake beards, harassed their merch guy, assaulted steaks with axes, attempted to grow breasts (keytarist Vicky Asher won that one by default), hawked cleaning products and cologne, performed surgery, rode a jackalope and wore more costumes than Lady Gaga. They’ve poked fun at the industry, British people, their fellow bands and, most importantly, themselves. None of it makes very much sense, and lord knows how we’re supposed to be gleaning any information about Hot Mess, but none of that matters. Because it’s all hilarious. And because, well, it’s Cobra Starship. The music is almost secondary.
And if that last line comes off as harsh, well, I’d be willing to bet the guys (and gal) in CS would agree with me. With Cobra, the comedy is the thing. And that’s more than evident on CobraCam.
There’s a deft comic touch on display here — truly some of the funniest moments come in the throwaway lines or the odd cutaway shot — and a fondness for the bizarre that recalls stuff like “The Kids in the Hall” or the British version of “The Office” (or even, to blaspheme a bit more, “Monty Python’s Flying Circus”). There are smart, subtle references to stuff like “The Big Lebowski” and Vince Offer and “St. Elsewhere” and Wes Anderson’s slo-mo tracking shots (there’s even a nod to “Goodfellas” in episode six, though I’m not sure the band even realizes it). And, of course, a collegiate dedication to getting wasted: Cobra Starship are, at the end of a day, a party band.
But here’s another one to throw at you: Cobra Starship are also a comedy troupe. Each member has a role (Saporta is the boozing lout, Asher the silent straight-woman, etc.), and as is the case with all great troupes, there is one breakout star. In Cobra’s case, it’s guitarist Ryland Blackington, a gangly, rubber-faced combination of “SNL”-era Chevy Chase and “Kids in the Hall”-era Kevin McDonald who positively carries the majority of the CobraCam stuff (check episodes two, six and nine for proof). Of course, bassist Alex Suarez and drummer Nate Novarro are pretty good too. Say what you will about Cobra Starship, but they definitely have the funniest rhythm section in the business.
And that’s sort of the point of all this, I suppose. As a band, Cobra Starship are a really great sketch-comedy troupe, and CobraCam is the proof. Their dedication — and, make no bones about it, to keep churning out episodes of quality stuff takes dedication — to the stupid, the insane and the subtle is what sets them apart from their contemporaries, and it’s all on display here. I’m not sure how any of this will help Hot Mess (do “funny” bands sell records? We Are Scientists sure didn’t), though that probably doesn’t matter. Love them or hate them, CS have always been fun-first, music-second, and that’s why kids pack their shows and throw the fangs in the air. In fact, it’s a sort of brilliant niche they’ve carved out, if you think about it. They’ve quietly become the court jesters of pop music. More proof that you’ve got to be pretty smart to be this stupid.
It’s one of the darkest, goriest songs on an album positively oozing with dark and gory songs. That’s why Travis Barker knew he had to record a version of Eminem’s “3 A.M.”
“I first heard it on some blogs, and right away, I was like, ‘Oh, damn, this is demonic,’ and I love stuff like that.” Barker laughed. “So I spoke to [Blink-182 and Eminem manager] Paul Rosenberg and said I wanted to do a remix of it, then Em and I spoke and discussed putting a rock twist on the song, and I got to it.”
So, over the course of four very short days — during breaks from rehearsals for Blink’s upcoming tour — Barker and a pair of his engineer pals laid down live guitar and bass tracks (and, of course, a healthy dose of his patented precise-yet-pounding drums). He sent them to Em for some tweaking, then put the finished product up on YouTube, and the rest is history.
“There’s not many songs I hear and trip out on, but this was one of them. The song is really dark and moody, and so that’s what I wanted the remix to be,” Barker said. “And it was cool, because I got to work with Eminem the producer, which is something that I don’t think a lot of people get to do. He listened to it, made some tweaks and gave it the OK.”
And for Barker, it was a welcome return to the world of remixing — a world he’s dominated over the past years with his takes on Flo Rida’s “Low” and Soulja Boy’s “Crank That.” He had to take a break from remixing while recovering from the dozens of surgeries he endured after walking away from a fiery South Carolina plane crash last year.
“I hadn’t done one since I was out of the hospital, so it was time, you know?” Barker said. “This was a dope-ass song, and when things come at me that I love, I pursue them. I was due for one, and it won’t be the last.”